IS there any way to detect number of users sharing the same PON cable?

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LCO can only see/detect number of active users that too only in OLT UI Other than that there is no known method for detecting number of active users.
 
Can't I observe others LASEr signal in my fibre?(not as in to read them, just to detect them to count number of connections)
 
How many people can be in one OLT? How much maximum speed bsnl can provide to each on average?
 
What you are asking is a whole OLT. Whole OLT it depends . Single OLT port is 64. And the theoretical output with GPON is 2.5Gb/sec on the port
 
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Imagine 10 customers took and using 300 Mbps plan and maximising 300 Mbps at same time..
So what will happen to other 54 users?

Also how can bsnl provide 1Gbps plan in future?
 
So if 10 users take 300Mbps and all burst at the same time - remaining 54 users will suffer.

Firstly...
Though this is highly non-practical condition. I know it may seem odd to be saying this on a forum of tech enthusiasts but average users do not use that much bandwidth. They may have 300Mbps plan but besides doing speedtest which will burst the circuit for few seconds, most of average users will really not fill the up the pipe. Even when you add 2-3 4K TVs (25Mbps stream each). Networks are typically designed keeping average as well as long peak bursts in mind and not super short peak bursts. Same logic applies even to say 2 billion WhatsApp users or a billion plus of YouTube users. They won't design the capacity looking at just the law number of users but realistic use of bandwidth by these users.

Coming to your question - assuming for whatever use case, 10 people actually manage to saturate the GPON branch, in that case ISP can always "lit" 2-3 more strands from the OLT till the junction box nearby and move some users on different GPON port and that would take care of the congestion. That's short to mid term solution. In long term, 10G PON will become common and each branch would have a mix of 2.5G and 10G running on different wavelengths until everyone is moved to 10G PON (few years from now).
 
Great answer. Very clear explantion. Thanks.
Does BSNL have backbone to provide 1 Gbps?
When do we see such speeds like 500 Mbps or 1 Gbps with BSNL in future?
Why do BSNL have higher ping compared to other fibre operators?
 
Does BSNL have backbone to provide 1 Gbps?
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Backbone wise running 10G/40G/100G to cities is quite feasible. Bandwidth is typically not major challenge on backbone level as long as one can pull sufficient fiber in. It's usually a challenge where fiber is not present or hard terrain hilly areas or when it's for last mile in low density areas.
With DWDM one can easily increase bandwidth to great extent.

When do we see such speeds like 500 Mbps or 1 Gbps with BSNL in future?
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This applies to BSNL, Airtel, Jio or just any major operator. It's purely case of demand and supply. ISPs could do 8Mbps easily on most of old DSL infra but they did not do for a long time and instead had plans from 256Kbps to 2-4Mbps. In most of cases it's the economics behind the plan. How many extra users do you think BSNL can get if they offer 1Gbps for an attractive pricing of say 700-800Rs a month? How many of those users would only purchase service if they can get 1Gbps and will not consider 50-100-200Mbps kind of plans? For now answer to those questions is - "Not that many". If you check their plans, they do offer 300Mbps for 1499 a month. If they offer 1Gbps for 700Rs, what happens to this premium plan? Should they give 3Gbps on that? That's hard one because home interfaces, PON CPE side interface etc is all 1Gbps. Plus there's a high chance person would just downgrade from 1499 to 700Rs plan and live happily with 1Gbps. So at the core of it you have to ask question "What is one an do with 1Gbps which one cannot do with 100Mbps". Right now not much but as that changes, you can expect 1Gbps plan. In absence of that offering 1Gbps would just put a bill of upgrades, extra capacity to serve peak with no realistic returns.


Why do BSNL have higher ping compared to other fibre operators?
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This has been discussed extensively on this forum. Try searching for previous discussion or you can check my blog post about their routing issues when I left their service - BSNL AS9829 – A rotten IP backbone

Broadly it's due to following:
  1. BSNL is quite poorly peered compared to other networks inside India. As a large eyeball and inbound heavy networks, they should have been peered with all large content players but that's the case.
  2. BSNL has IPLC - basically long point to point circuits from India to outside world and they took large capacity on circuits to New York and Los Angeles. They take different upstream providers in those locations and thus end up with many circuits, many providers. To fill up on this capacity they announce specific prefixes and that results in cases where for any network in the world (outside of India) to send traffic to BSNL, only entry point happens to be a gateway in New York or Los Angeles. This impacts routing from nearby areas including Singapore, Hong Kong and even Europe.
  3. While other large networks of that size typically peer outside of India, BSNL never peers outside of India and just buys capacity. Peering by design keeps traffic local and typically would keep routing clean for 99% part.
  4. BSNL doesn't uses BGP communities on their circuits outside of India and use one set of provider at one location & other set at a different location.
  5. Airtel doesn't accept BSNL routes in South India and in many of those instances routes to BSNL from outside of India. That again results in issues of high latency.

Thus it's lack of overall traffic engineering, good practice etc which creates a not-so-good routing.
 
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