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The basic thing is Volkswagen was making Diesel cars that cheat Emission tests. Throughout world, there are norms about minimum emissions that engine must not exceed. So Volkswagen created a software that cheats emission control tests which was finally discovered by US EPA federal agency. Its speculated that Volkswagen has also cheated Government norms in Europe as well as Asia. Its estimated that more than 1 Crore Volkswagen cars have been cheating emission norms. Though entire extent of scandal is unknown and now under investigation by various Governments around the world.
India has also ordered probe of Volkswagen.
The Volkswagen emissions scandal explained
Emission scandal: India orders probe into Volkswagen cars
Volkswagen has been cheating in emission tests by making its cars appear far less polluting than they are. The US Environmental Protection Agency discovered that 482,000 VW diesel cars on American roads were emitting up to 40 times more toxic fumes than permitted - and VW has since admitted the cheat affects 11m cars worldwide.
It means far more harmful NOx emissions, including nitrogen dioxide, have been pumped into the air than was thought – on one analysis, between 250,000 to 1m extra tonnes every year. The hidden damage from these VW vehicles could equate to all of the UK’s NOx emissions from all power stations, vehicles, industry and agriculture.
VW’s “defeat device” is not a physical device but a programme in the engine software that lets the car perceive if is being driven under test conditions - and only then pull out all the anti-pollution stops. “Clean diesel” engines cut emissions through techniques such as adjusting air-fuel ratios and exhaust flows, and in some (though not most VWs) injecting a urea-based solution to render NOx harmless. When running normally, requiring greater performance, VW’s controls would not operate in the same way.
India has also ordered probe of Volkswagen.
The Volkswagen emissions scandal explained
Emission scandal: India orders probe into Volkswagen cars